It is hard to define what makes anyone African because the continent is overflowing with diversity. Because of the foreign policy, Africa and United States were not able to essay about africa a close relationship as cold war came to an end. Sustainable Development in Africa: Prospects for the 21ST Century. There was not much known about the mysterious continent and this ignited … Read more. Ethics, character, essay about africa, and authentic transformational leadership behavior.
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Africa's Political Crisis Most African colonies became independent in the s and s amid hopes that this would be the prelude to an era of democracy and development Cooper, y the end of the s, Africa was plagued by instability, authoritarianism, poverty, war and famine. In some countries, essay about africa, the state itself had begun to disintegrate. There are many reasons for Africa's current state of political instability. For one, continuous rivalry between tribal units is a constant source of disunity Cooper, For most of the 19th and essay about africa 20th century Africa had lived under colonial rule of the Europeans. ecause the European leaders left Africa immediately after it gained independence, many African leaders are relatively inexperienced. Also, many leaders are greedy, corrupt and act entirely based on self-interest.
asically, because multi-party rule encouraged ethnic conflict, one party controlled most African states. This has largely contributed to Africa's political instability. Bibliography Ahmed-Rufai, R. The Road to an African Union, essay about africa. FCN Publishing. Ayittey, George, essay about africa. Africa in Chaos. Martin's Press. Chazan, Naomi, essay about africa. Politics and Society in Contemporary Africa, essay about africa. Rienner Publishing. Cooper, Frederick. Africa since The Past of the Present. Cambridge University Press. However, how are these hardships related to the civil strife and militia? It is this point that is unclear. Edgerton provides more of a subjective review of what he feels is going on and provides a few essay about africa details to support this, but provides little in the way of detail and real conjecture, which would help the average person discern what steps the people of Africa should take to liberate themselves from the grasps of essay about africa army or essay about africa today.
Edgerton does successfully suggest the wars in Africa today are nothing more than the results of a "maladaptive" culture p. This suggests that something is inherently wrong with the people of Africa today. Those engaged in war or civic strife are according to Edgerton, people that are part of any society with its blips, ups and downs. The "warrior Tribes" described in the book are inflated to seem like…. Bibliography Shaw, Bryant. Africa Since The introduction to Frederick Cooper's "Africa since The past of the present," asserts that unless one has thoroughly researched African history, or has lived in Africa, it is nearly impossible for an outsider to chronologically organize all of the events that has happened within its borders in order to come up with some kind of clear statement about nationalism.
Cooper enters his book with the ideas of colonialism pre-colonialism, colonialism, and post-colonialism and how that shaped Africa as it is today, and how that influences Africa as a nation together, a nation divided, and a nation trying to find some sort of statement about their own country. Cooper's book about nationalism within Africa, and how Africa came to rest at this current the present is climate of dualism between tribal bloodshed in Rwanda, and the victorious election of President Nelson Mandela in South Africa 1. Works Cited Cooper, Frederick. Africa since the past of the present. Cambridge, UK: University Press, Wikipedia contributors.
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 11 Feb. Africa and the Slave Trade Give a brief description of Africans' way essay about africa life prior to the Atlantic Slave Trade, meaning their Political, economic, cultural and societal organizations. Please take into consideration the Documentary films: " Caravans of Gold" and " King and City. As we learn form these documentaries and from our research, the continent contained an enormous spectrum of cultural stripes represented in the thousands of languages, dialects, religious belief systems and expressive rites then in practice. Political authority varied depending upon the local economy of any given region. In larger economic contexts such as Egypt and Ethiopia, kingdoms ruled everyday life however the vast rural….
Works Cited: Alkalimat, A. Africa Before and After the Slave Trade: -The Afro-American Heritage. Appiah, K. Goree Island, essay about africa, Home of 'The Door of No Return. Heywood, L. Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, Morris, C. David Northrup's "Atlantic Slave Trade" Review. African History Suite Africa The continent is one of the essay about africa geographically diverse and astounding areas of the earth. It is made up of close to 30, square km Europe essay about africa 9, square km. The most northerly point of the continent is Morocco, and the most southerly in South Africa, the extreme west in Somalia, with the most easterly point 7, essay about africa, km away.
Africa's coastline is 26, km in length. The mean elevation is m, while area under m is relatively rare, and land over 3, m is also uncommon. As such, the continent is marked largely by elevated tablelands. Overall, Africa can be divided essay about africa four main divisions. The first is the coast plains, which do not range fare inward, and are often fringed by mangrove swamps. Second is the Atlas range, which is separated from the rest of Africa by the Sahara. The third main divisions are the high southern…. Works Cited Wikipedia. Geography of Africa. And School, Joseph, essay about africa. Africa Interactive Maps. Physical Features Section. Technological advancements are rare in the bulk of sub-Saharan nations, which remain among the poorest in the world due to their weak levels of exports.
However, some Sub-Saharan nations possess a range of natural resources from ore to agriculture. Some sub-Saharan African countries such as Sierra Leone rely on a corrupt and dangerous gem mining industry, the profits of which do not reach the general population. Many African nations possess ore and mining resources and other raw materials such as vegetable gums. On the other hand, North African nations enjoy far more prosperity and technological advancement than sub-Saharan Africa. Egypt's economy is strongly tied to the Middle Eastern nations and also boasts a significant tourism industry.
Egypt's sophisticated system of damming also permits the otherwise desert country essay about africa produce agriculture for export. Egypt also has some petroleum reserves. Algeria's economy also depends to an extent on oil but that nation…. It would depend on one's view of the legitimacy of psychoanalysis and its patchwork utility in describing a mental complex. asil Davidson recognizes the alienated consciousness of Africans, albeit from a politico-historical rather than a psychological perspective. He phrases it in terms of forced African rejection of its own history under hopes of prospering in the new modernization the colonial system pushed for: "The future was not to grow out of the past, organically and developmentally, but from an entirely alien dispensation.
His sketch of African history is poignant. Unlike Fanon's book, Davidson's aim is not to liberate the mentality of black men from a colonial alienation. However, he does ultimately suggest a possible way forward that has…. Bibliography Davidson, essay about africa, Basil. The Black Man's Burden: Africa and the Curse of the Nation-State. New York: Times Books, Fanon, Franz. Black Skin, essay about africa, White Masks. Translated by Richard Philcox. New York: Grove Press, Originally published in Prashad, essay about africa, Vijay. The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World. New York: New Press, Essay about africa Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, trans.
Richard Philcox New York: Grove Press, Despite the realistic tone of most official commentaries, essay about africa, the reality on the ground rarely coincides, essay about africa. In this respect, there are other factors as well that play a significant role in shaping the relations and evolution trends of the countries around the African continent. One of these factors is represented by the financial institutions that make up the World ank Group. Thus, the IMF and the World ank "are two of the most powerful international financial institutions in the world. They are the major sources of lending essay about africa African countries, and use the loans they provide as advantage to prescribe policies and dictate….
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Morris, C. David Northrup's "Atlantic Slave Trade" Review. African History Suite Africa The continent is one of the most geographically diverse and astounding areas of the earth. It is made up of close to 30,, square km Europe is 9,, square km. The most northerly point of the continent is Morocco, and the most southerly in South Africa, the extreme west in Somalia, with the most easterly point 7, km away. Africa's coastline is 26, km in length. The mean elevation is m, while area under m is relatively rare, and land over 3, m is also uncommon. As such, the continent is marked largely by elevated tablelands. Overall, Africa can be divided into four main divisions. The first is the coast plains, which do not range fare inward, and are often fringed by mangrove swamps.
Second is the Atlas range, which is separated from the rest of Africa by the Sahara. The third main divisions are the high southern…. Works Cited Wikipedia. Geography of Africa. And School, Joseph. Africa Interactive Maps. Physical Features Section. Technological advancements are rare in the bulk of sub-Saharan nations, which remain among the poorest in the world due to their weak levels of exports. However, some Sub-Saharan nations possess a range of natural resources from ore to agriculture. Some sub-Saharan African countries such as Sierra Leone rely on a corrupt and dangerous gem mining industry, the profits of which do not reach the general population. Many African nations possess ore and mining resources and other raw materials such as vegetable gums.
On the other hand, North African nations enjoy far more prosperity and technological advancement than sub-Saharan Africa. Egypt's economy is strongly tied to the Middle Eastern nations and also boasts a significant tourism industry. Egypt's sophisticated system of damming also permits the otherwise desert country to produce agriculture for export. Egypt also has some petroleum reserves. Algeria's economy also depends to an extent on oil but that nation…. It would depend on one's view of the legitimacy of psychoanalysis and its patchwork utility in describing a mental complex. asil Davidson recognizes the alienated consciousness of Africans, albeit from a politico-historical rather than a psychological perspective.
He phrases it in terms of forced African rejection of its own history under hopes of prospering in the new modernization the colonial system pushed for: "The future was not to grow out of the past, organically and developmentally, but from an entirely alien dispensation. His sketch of African history is poignant. Unlike Fanon's book, Davidson's aim is not to liberate the mentality of black men from a colonial alienation. However, he does ultimately suggest a possible way forward that has…. Bibliography Davidson, Basil. The Black Man's Burden: Africa and the Curse of the Nation-State. New York: Times Books, Fanon, Franz. Black Skin, White Masks. Translated by Richard Philcox. New York: Grove Press, Originally published in Prashad, Vijay.
The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World. New York: New Press, Franz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, trans. Richard Philcox New York: Grove Press, , Despite the realistic tone of most official commentaries, the reality on the ground rarely coincides. In this respect, there are other factors as well that play a significant role in shaping the relations and evolution trends of the countries around the African continent. One of these factors is represented by the financial institutions that make up the World ank Group.
Thus, the IMF and the World ank "are two of the most powerful international financial institutions in the world. They are the major sources of lending to African countries, and use the loans they provide as advantage to prescribe policies and dictate…. Bibliography Addison, T. New York: UNU Press, Africa action. The World Bank and IMF in Africa. php Bennett, L. International organizations: principles and issues. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, Berstein, S. Histoire de l'Europe. Paris: Hatier, Africa There are many ambiguities in the concept of being estern. Many individual use this description without fully understanding what it means or how the term developed. Generally when people are using the term 'the est" or estern, they are simply referring to a lifestyle that includes a certain standard of living that includes a certain material well-being.
Yet this broad and all-encompassing term is used without any clear meaning or substance in normal discourse. The term is not innocent, and it is used to further ideological perspectives that are biased towards a certain culture and set of values. The colonial period in South Africa is interesting to study because it exemplifies some of the social contexts in which culture crashes can framed and the discourse that is used in the literature. The local natives in South Africa were viewed in a very negative manner and the discourse makes many…. Works Cited Coetzee, J. Idleness in South Africa. Binghamton: Yale University Press, Hall, S. Social tensions, like wars and strikes, should be solved amicably.
The parties have to understand that only in times of peace and tranquility the African society can prosper. Education must also be encouraged, in order to improve the literacy indicator, to enable the social and cultural development of the average citizens. The reintegration of women in the society - offering equal changes with men, in terms of employment, voting rights, decision rights - is also an important aspect. Women should be involved more both in society, but also in corporations, where they could put in practice their entrepreneurial skills. The assurance of food and health protection, so as to limit the negative consequences of diseases and epidemics, is essential.
Conclusions: The huge growth potential of African countries can be explored by adopting the above mentioned governmental resolutions, directly targeted to the African society. ibliography 1 Abjibolosoo, K. Bibliography 1 Abjibolosoo, K. The Human Factor in Developing Africa. Westport, CU: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. Sustainable Development in Africa: Prospects for the 21ST Century. Bethesda: International Scholars Publications. Alternative Development Strategies in SubSaharian Africa. New York: St. World Trade issues are an important issue to the plight of Africa as well. Providing a more level playing field for Africa to get into the game will set the wheels in motion for improvement and allow Africa to begin reaping some of the benefits of the world trade agreements.
That money can be funneled back into the development of the continent thereby reducing the need for outside funding. Debt cancellation and a significant rise in official development aid, though helpful, cannot simply put right Africa's deep-seated problems. The commission report emphasizes that ultimate prosperity depends on robust private investment-led growth. Sir Mark Moody-Stuart, chairman of Anglo-American, said at the G8 Business Summit in London: "There will only be sustainable development in Africa if the increase in government aid flows is complemented by a resurgence of enterprise Small, References Abrahamsen, Rita Blair's Africa: the politics of securitization and fear.
Alternatives: Global, Local, Political Anderson, Bruce Political grandstanding and yet more wasted aid will not lift Africa out of poverty. Features The Independent London, England Moss, Todd A Marshall Plan is not what Africa needs The politics of aid. Africa - Politics Africa and democracy haven't always been two words that go together well, because following the colonization of much of Africa, democracies were established but they struggled and sometimes failed to become stable -- and many continue to struggle today. This paper reviews the democratic movements in Africa, some of which failed, and some have succeeded.
This paper also projects the success or failure of future democracies in Africa. hat are the primary characteristics for the existence of a democracy? A democracy is far more than just the establishment of government institutions and the setting up of a constitution. It is more than just a set of values, rules, laws, and the election of the people who are sworn to uphold those values, rules, and laws. According to the U. Department of State, a democracy is a government in which "…power and civic responsibility are exercised by all…. Works Cited African Development Bank. Dibie, Robert A. The Politics and Policies of Sub-Saharan Africa. Lanham, MD. University Press of America, They note that the reign of Idi Amin in Uganda was not simply bad, but an example of "three decades of civil strife" where military abuses were inflicted by the nation's rulers upon the populace However, there is no question that the technological imbalance between Africa and Europe in terms of military power affected the development of the region's history, although the European possession of arms should not be seen as an example of estern moral superiority or civilization.
During the 19th century, as well as the demand for ivory and slaves, one of the most significant forces that changed old ways of life in Africa was the demand for firearms by the central inhabitants of the interior against other African warring tribes. For better or for worse, colonialism changed the region forever. The book is as much a history of changing European perceptions of Africa and the European…. Africa Since Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Afrocentric interpretations of the history of Africa are related in the work of Lefkowitz in the reply to Bernal. Bernal believes that the interpretation of this history by Lefkowitz is sloppy at best.
This study examines Africentrism and each of these author's views. Background The work of rele entitled "Negritude: Literature and deology" published by Oxford University Press in the Journal on African Philosophy reports that Pan-Africanism has been described as being "essentially a…. Irele, Abiola, F. eds PH Coetzee and APJ Roux. Oxford University Press. Appiah, KA. On National Culture Lefkowitz, M. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education. Companies in sub-Saharan Africa cannot simply afford to reuse provision of AIDS drugs to its workforce. As a socially responsible organization Heineken has taken the issue seriously and issues are being considered at corporate level within its subsidiaries as well as in headquarters. They are aware of the complexities of issues at hand.
The management has not only identified the issues but they are looking for ways for the remedies and thus plying their role in social responsiveness. They have already introduced their AIDS program in Rwanda and Burundi and are looking for a roll out in the rest of the countries where they have their operations. Due to their active role the company along with other active companies is being hailed by the media and their active programs and policies have also made other companies like Coca Cola a target of criticism. However the approach cannot still be considered….
Africa can be able to make up for the economic and social gaps in comparison with the rest of the world. To determine this, we will look at various statistics and discuss alternative solutions. Once this occurs, is when we will be able to see what steps need to be taken to deal with these challenges. Over the last several years, Africa has been the focus of many different NGO's. The reason why, is because a number of officials inside these organizations believe that positive economic development will help to address a host of challenges facing the region. Evidence of this can be seen by looking at the below chart, which is illustrating how Africa ranks in comparison with the lowest income countries in the world. Table 1: The Health Indicators for Africa….
Bibliography Corruption Perceptions Index. Transparency International. CIA World Fact Book. Retrieved from:. Africa and its Diaspora The purpose of this particular document is to show what has happened to Africans throughout the years and indicate that, at least to some extent, they have let it happen. This is not because they have willingly gone along with much of what has been done to them, but because they have not stood up and fought it strongly. They have not seen themselves as being at the center, and therefore have accepted what the Europeans said about them, named the oceans around them, and did with their history. The strongest purpose of the document, however, is to show that African history has been greatly affected by the European ideals that were used to create it, and in order for it to be accurate, Africans must create their own history and not let others embellish or change it.
This is very important for Africans across the…. South Africa Country Report The country of South Africa is a diverse and varied nation. As an international player in the economic and political system many comparisons between nations have been made. One comparison that is often analyzed is the one between the United States and South Africa. Though demographically the two countries are quite different there are several similarities worth note and of coarse the interplay between these two nations is a crucial point of analysis, for the development of a more comprehensive understanding of world relations. This work will compare the demographic structure between the United States and South Africa and will further discuss issues associated with cooperation between the two nations.
According to the CIA orld Fact Book for South Africa is comprised of approximately 42,, people, who live within a land-mass of 1,, sq km, including the Prince Edward Islands, geographic entity roughly twice the…. Works Cited Binns, Tony, and Etienne Nel. African Development Countries which have not technologically or sociologically progressed through the years are considered under-developed. This means that most or much of the population still live as they did in past centuries. Most of the population lives in poverty and there are not enough schools or hospitals.
There is not enough drinkable water and children in the regions still die from conditions which have been easily treated for decades in more advanced places of the world. As a whole, people living in Africa have the shortest projected life expectancy of anywhere else in the world. Despite a wide variety of natural resources which are available for human use and consumption, the continent of Africa as a whole remains heavily underdeveloped. The reasons for this continued underdevelopment are many and scientists and sociologists have endeavored to isolate these reasons to little progress, but most experts agree that the key explanations….
As depicted here, the other female actresses in the film -- played by actual Africans -- are naked above the waist. The white actress is not. Indeed, the lower photograph depicts Gehrts-Schomburgk reclining on a leopard skin rug, while a topless native woman fans her with an elaborate fan made of feathers. The ludicrous excess of the colonialist fantasy could not be more evident here. Yet this actress is the same woman whose "anthropological" photographs would be included in the English-langugage publication of Felix Bryk's Dark Rapture. As a result of the photographer's own strange backstory, Meg Gehrts-Schomburgk's photographs of Africa occupy a rather unique place: although some are included in her early memoir of the "ethnodramas" -- whose English-language version published in in Philadelphia and London was entitled A Camera Actress in the ilds of Togoland -- they would be collected by themselves in under the title….
Works Cited Bryk, Felix. Dark Rapture: The Sex-Life of the African Negro. New York: Juno Press, Comaroff, Jean, and Comaroff, John L. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Comaroff, John L. Picturing a Colonial Past: The African Photographs of Isaac Schapera. Gehrts, M. A Camera Actress in the Wilds of Togoland: The Adventures, Observations, and Experiences of a Cinematograph Actress in West African Forests Whilst Collecting Films Depicting Native Life and When Posing as the White Woman in Anglo-African Cinematograph Dramas. Philadelphia: J. Lippincott, Africa Ghana Empire The Ghana Empire was one of the most powerful empires of pre-colonial West Africa.
Geographically, the empire occupied a territory south of the Sahara Desert, encompassing lands that are part of the modern-day nations of Mauritania and Mali, with a trading influence that extended much further. The Ghana Empire spanned a period of our around years, from CE to CE. While the Ghana Empire was little known in Europe, Arabs in the North of Africa were aware of the powerful empire that lay south of the desert. In particular, they were aware of the abundance of gold from which the empire derived its wealth and power Conrad, The Ghana Empire rose to prominence in the 9th century when Arabs became aware of its wealth and power. Most of this derived from gold, and control over trade routes in the region.
West Africa's trade…. Reference Africa SI. Mali Empire and Djenne figures. Ancient Ghana. British Broadcasting Company. shtml Princeton. Atlantic slave trade. Princeton University. html Conrad, D. Empires of Medieval West Africa: Ghana, Mali and Songhay. Chelsea House: New York. Africa Since Independence" Review Africa, as a continent, went through an extended colonial period. Although the entire continent was not involved, the greatest part of the nation was and many achieved independence from other nations in a relatively short span after world ar II. Legum says that at the end of the ar only five nations had achieved independence though one, South Africa, was still under a form of dominance and that over the next 15 years that number was quadrupled 2. The fact that so many nations experienced freedom from colonial rule in such a short period of time meant that they all went through periods of romanticism, disillusionment and reality at roughly the same time.
Works Cited Bauer, Gretchen, and Scott D. Politics in Southern Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. Legum, Colin. Africa Since Independence. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, My personal favorite African cuisine is Ethiopian, because of the spongy teff bread injera. Injera is like an edible plate, and is piled with delectable morsels of tasty, well-spiced dishes that we eat with our hands. The cuisines of other African countries include flavorful stews replete with rich goat meat and root vegetables. South African foods have been influenced by European cuisines, with some regional variations. Root vegetables like cassava are among the most ubiquitous foods served throughout the African continent.
South Africa also has a world-renowned wine region, which makes it a fun place to visit. One of the main reasons to visit Africa is for its wildlife and stunning scenery. Many of the animals found on the African continent are not found anywhere else in the world including giraffes and zebras. Tourists tend to enjoy safaris in southern and eastern African nations like Kenya and Uganda. Madagascar has…. In Africa, there has been no real unifying factor bringing individuals together, primarily because of the communal aspect of society throughout the continent. Community exists and can be found everywhere in Africa. Structural, dramaturgic and institutional factors in formal institutionalization in Africa of health care has come about as a result of investment, development, and political stability Ratcliffe, The relationship among cultural traditions, laws of society, and the symbolic boundaries have served to create the structural meanings behind formal institutions; the expressive dimension, communicative properties and interaction of these elements have made up the dramaturgic, and the actors and organizations themselves have manifested the institutional.
An example of this can be seen in Nigeria. Structurally, dramaturgically and institutionally, Africa has…. World Vision in Sierra Leone In after the civil war in Sierra Leone, the World Vision-Sierra Leone was launched. They NGO also played a vital role in aiding the IDPs resettlement soon as the agriculture in the southern and eastern region had begun to flourish World Vision, After achieving these milestones by February in , the organization expanded their vision by transitioning to community-oriented area development programs ADPs.
The programs had long-term goals to effect change in the communities. More than 25 ADPs were effective by with the organization serving more than 58, children nationwide. References Awoko Newspaper, Sierra Leone News: World Vision Launches WELD Project in Makeni. Women Empowered for Leadership and Development WELD Project : children impacted through economic empowerment. World Vision, Sierra Leone. World Vision Sierra Leone youth reintegration training and education for peace. World Vision Sierra Leone. pdf on 6 February World Vision International, Our Mission Statement. Option 1 Assumptions about truth can be dangerous in any research because they can lead to bias shaping the research: a researcher may suffer from confirmation bias, seeking only the type of answers that align with his assumptions Nickerson, Objectivity and subjectivity, therefore, are important to consider when conducting research, just as deriving the correct interpretation of the meaning of collected data is important.
Objectivity, subjectivity and meaning are interconnected, as both objectivity and subjectivity will feed in to how meaning is understood. Every person is capable of being both objective and of having a subjective experience at the same time. Potential concerns for this study consist of the risk of researcher bias and confirmation bias intruding up on the methodology. Removing researcher bias and preventing confirmation bias are critical…. The Post-Colonial World Outlook in Africa: From Colonialism to Neocolonialism? Background During the colonial era, vast regions of Africa and Asia were taken over and subsequently dominated by the more powerful western nations.
In essence, the main agenda of colonialism was exploitative — with economically stronger nations seeking to exert control over weaker and less developed countries so as to exploit both their human and natural resources. Also, colonial powers deemed their colonies as viable markets for their products. The cultural and social aspects of the subjugated countries were affected and adapted in significant ways, with the said countries being forced to embrace the cultural, religious, as well as social ideals of the colonial countries. Most of the dominated countries got their independence back by way of concessions, compromise, or force — giving way to the post-colonial era.
During the postcolonial era, former colonies attempted to claim their autonomy back,…. ending terrorism in Africa, the methods employed should be oriented towards measuring outputs. The outputs that are expected with this particular study are the ending of terrorism in Africa. The inputs are the various strategies and programs that are implemented in order to bring about this outcome. The outcome has to be measured in a quantitative manner in order that a statistical analysis can be performed. Thus, the type of quantitative study that could be utilized here may depend upon the type of evaluation that is to be undertaken. Two types of evaluations could be used here -- a vertical evaluation or a horizontal evaluation. A vertical evaluation is used to measure "specific programs from inception to outcome" while a horizontal evaluation is used to assess "the efforts undertaken by multiple agencies and entities to support a specific government action plan or strategy" Romaniuk, Fink, , p.
A correlational…. Africa so Poor? Why is it that Africa, despite the aid and help and support that she gets from different sources all over the world, is still very much impoverished and in a state of poverty even now? It is a fact that this continent has been availing of outside help and has also been a site where numerous large-scale experiments have been performed over the years in order to improve and reform its economy for its innate betterment, but it has still remained in the same condition in which it has been existing all these pats few centuries. The truth is that none of the above experiments have been able to succeed in achieving a sustained and continuous economic growth in Africa and this has also led to the astonishing fact that most African three dozen nations are, today, even poorer than they were during the 's.
It is…. Bibliography African Alternative Framework to Structural Adjustment Programs for Socio-Economic Recovery and Transformation. htm Accessed on 28 February, Africa's Development Crisis. htm Accessed on 28 February, Basu, Anupam; Calamitsis, Evangelos A; Ghura, Dhaneshwar. Promoting Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Monetary Fund. August Challenges to Democratic Development in Africa Introduction The political life in Africa has largely been characterized by poor governance and an inherently poor democratic record.
In effect, the challenges facing the continent as far as democratic development is concerned stem from political misrule coupled with the adverse effects of imposed westernization, as well as globalization and resource exploitation. As a consequence, the continent continues to suffer demobilization on the political front which has effectively led to economic decapitation. This text assesses and evaluates challenges to democratic development in Africa in the context of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Democracy, as per its dictionary definition, has got…. This attempt on the one hand to cultivate a Western ethic in the African and on the other to curtail aggressive or perceived hostile…. This is guided by the doctrine of public responsibility, capital sharing, and equal opportunity.
The general term covers a wide variety of social and economic organization. Social welfare is an imprecise and encompassing term. In most cases, it is defined in terms of interventions and organized activities or some other elements that suggest programs and policies aimed at improving the well-being of individuals at risk and responding to recognized social problems. Handa, Devereux, and Webb, have shown that the concept…. References Atkinson, A. Cambridge" Cambridge University Press Bender, K. D Inequality and Unsustainable Growth: Two Sides of the Same Coin? It is worth noting that in southern portions of these countries, the Berber population does not self-identify with any Arabic identity, and clearly Berber individuals often face discrimination as a result Mesdoua, Power distance is a cultural artifact that reflects the degree to which individuals in society are equal Hofstede, North African countries tend to be hierarchical in nature, such that people feel they have a place in society and that roles can be defined by one's position in society.
North African culture is generally a collectivist society, as opposed to an individualistic one. Some traits associated with collectivist societies are loyalty and helps to determine relationships in the society, as individual actions are perceived to have an impact on the groups families, companies with which one is associated. A fifth element of North African culture that is worth being discussed because of its contribution to the modern…. Works Cited: Hofstede, G. html Jenkins, O. Major types of Islam. Orville Jenkins. html Mesdoua, I. Will the Arab Spring make the Arab Maghreb Union bloom?
Think Africa Press. Defining culture. National Association of School Psychologists. War in Africa Due to European colonization and then decolonization, Africa was left in a similar state of the other former colonies. What state were the other colonies left in and what are the similarities? Concomitant colonization and decolonization of Africa left most of the countries in a state of utter economic dependence on their colonial masters. This state is more or less similar to what happened to former colonies in the Americas and Asia. While there are other socio-political impacts that also resulted, this brief paper focuses only on the state economic dependence that African colonies found themselves in soon after colonial masters went back to their countries.
Prior to the "Scramble and Partition of Africa," African economies were on an upward trend in most areas, but more so in terms of trade. Africans had already established trade patterns with some long distance traders walking covering miles just to…. References Bojicic, Savo. Or Is It? New York, NY: AuthorHouse, Clayton, Anthony. Frontiersmen; warfare in Africa since Philadelphia: UCL press, Shipway, Martin. Decolonization and Its Impact: A Comparative Approach to the End of the Colonial Empires. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub, Shipway, Martin. Article weaknesses: On page two the authors write, "hat else can we say about the Ethiopian and Kenya Rifts? Quite a lot actually. Using a cliche like that tends to lessen the value of the science.
It takes the authors quite a long time to get to one of the most interesting points of the article. That is, the rifting is important in terms of understanding human evolution. It seems like that fact could have been placed at or near the front of the article. There are many "hominid fossil finds" in the rift, which means that the evolution of humans can be traced by scientists because the evolution of the rift itself is giving clues to human evolution. The weakness here is because the authors waited until the last page to present something about humans that is far…. Works Cited Wood, James, and Guth, Alex. East Africa's Great Rift Valley: A Complex Rift System Geology.
East Africa's Great Rift Valley: A Complex Rift System" Wood and Guth's article, "East Africa's great rift valley The authors are extremely enthusiastic about this topic, and write about it with a familiarity and adherence to scientific principles that edifies the reader. Although the subject matter is fairly dense and filled with unfamiliar vocabulary words, the authors do well to explicate their main points and bring a better understanding of this subject matter. As such, it is a decidedly valuable work of literature. The main point of this article is to discuss the origins and the significance of rifts in Africa, specifically the Lake Albert Rift and the Albertine Rift which collectively are known as the East African Rift , and the Ethiopian Rift which along with the other two comprises the East….
This can be traced to the conservative view that lacks have in fact no real history in comparison to the richness and significance of European history. In other words, the justification for conquest and what was in reality the theft of African land and wealth was provided to a great extent by the ' rewriting' of iblical texts. lacks were cast as 'heathen' people who had not achieved the enlightenment that the white group had attained through the ible and Christianity and therefore lacks were seen…. html accessed September 20, html , accessed September 20, Moreover, current economic development indicators show that the per capita annualized consumption growth rate of the bottom 40 percent of the South African population actually suffered a 1. In sum, the situation for the poorest people in South Africa is worsening and there are few new opportunities available on the short-term horizon that can help them achieve their full….
Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. Kavya, B and Santhakumar, S January Neuman, W Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. New York: Pearson. The World Bank. Strategic Context of Sub-Saharan Africa In response to the political administration of United States, interest in Africa changes. It is either decreased or increased. Cuba, China, France and Soviet Union are among those countries that have been influences for decades by the African continent which had pulled attraction of many towards itself. Africa has also been assisted by an economically powerful country i. United States. This continent had been able to gather a large number of consumers that were around million.
But this potential for the economic investment and growth was slowed down because of the instability. Another reason for this was the increase in the rate of migration AEC, The white people lived in the fertile areas in the highlands with large pieces of land , while the Africans were pushed to be squatters where they are congested and without enough food. These differences existed in many African countries colonized by the Europeans. It is worth noting that these social differences have existed in Africa, even after colonization. There are very rich people and extremely poor people, and this makes it impossible to address Africa as one since these groups have different activities and lifestyles.
In the early days, Africans were not civilized. They lived according to their cultures until the wave of colonization swept through the continent. Colonization made a great impact on all the parts of Africa making the western culture undistinguishable from the traditional cultures. This simply means that currently, it is meaningless to talk about the African societies without talking about the influence of the west. Although most African societies resisted colonization, they ended up absorbing a lot from the western cultures. Altogether, the several African countries cannot be viewed as a single unit.
For instance, different countries in Africa speak different languages as their national languages. There are countries which speak English, French and Spanish depending on the country which colonized them. Different languages are a show of different people. Furthermore, Africa plays host different ethnicities and races. For example, countries like South Africa have both the black and white races of people living here. In the Eastern Africa, the blacks and the Asians coexist peacefully. Though the different people live together, each of them, to a great extent, retains their cultures and practices and this makes Africa not to be a single unit due to the different practices of different races of people.
For many years, some people have erroneously believed that Africa could be described as a single unit. However, the reality is that Africa is a large continent, with people of diverse cultures and different ethnicities. Anthropologists who have written scholarly works on Africa know this for sure, but policy makers and people outside Africa rely on popular media to make opinions about the continent. The first missionaries and colonists contributed to the enlightenment of people in Africa by building schools, as well as hospitals. The gradual social changes which have occurred over the years are encouraging, and the people are optimistic of a better future. Altogether, the idea of seeing Africa as a single thing is misleading, and the sooner people realize this, the better. Comaroff, John.
Comaroff, Jean. Ethnography and the historical imagination: Studies in the Ethnographic imagination California: Westview Press, Kanogo, Tabitha. Squatters and the roots of Mau Mau: Nairobi: East African Publishers, Thiong'o, Wa Ngugi. The River Between. London: Heinemann, We accept sample papers from students via the submission form. If this essay belongs to you and you no longer want us to display it, you can put a claim on it and we will remove it. Just fill out the removal request form with all necessary details, such as page location and some verification of you being a true owner. Please note that we cannot guarantee that unsubstantiated claims will be satisfied.
Note: this sample is kindly provided by a student like you, use it only as a guidance. ID Subscribe to WowEssays Premium and get access to over 1 MILLION high-quality downloadable samples. GET ACCESS NOW. Password recovery email has been sent to email email. HIRE WRITER PREMIUM DATABASE Sign in. HIRE WRITER PREMIUM DATABASE. Type of Paper. Essay Topics. Educational Tools. Who We Are Contact Us Our Writers Honor Code WowEssays Reviews Blog Our Services. ORDER PAPER LIKE THIS. Premium samples database Get access to over 1 MILLION samples with WowEssays Premium! LEARN MORE. Works Cited Comaroff, John. European Union. Western Cultures. Bachelor's Degree. Cite this page Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Vancouver Chicago ASA IEEE AMA.
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